Arthritis in cats: the signs, and what really helps

Your cat used to leap onto the wardrobe. Now they just look at it. It's easy to think "he's just getting old", but slowing down is often a sign of arthritis, and arthritis hurts. The good news: there is a lot you and your vet can do. Watch the short film above, then read on.

How common is arthritis in cats?

Very. Studies using X-rays suggest that most cats over about 12 years old have signs of arthritis (degenerative joint disease) in at least some joints. Yet many are never diagnosed, because cats are experts at hiding pain, and because the signs are easy to mistake for normal ageing.

Arthritis can also develop in younger cats, for example after an injury, or in breeds prone to joint problems such as hip dysplasia (seen more in Maine Coons, among others).

The signs: watch for small changes

Cats with arthritis rarely limp. Instead, look for gradual changes in everyday behaviour:

• jumping less, jumping lower, or hesitating before jumping
• no longer using high places they used to love (windowsills, the top of the wardrobe)
• struggling with stairs, or taking them slowly
• accidents near the litter box, because climbing into it hurts
• a scruffy, matted or ungroomed coat, especially on the back and hips, which are hard to reach
• overgrown claws, because they scratch less
• sleeping more, playing less, being less active
• grumpiness when touched or picked up, or hiding more

If you notice any of these, book a vet check. Short videos of your cat jumping or on the stairs at home can really help, because cats often behave differently at the clinic.

How vets treat arthritis

Your vet will examine your cat's joints and may suggest X-rays, then build a plan with you. Options include:

• Pain relief made for cats, such as anti-inflammatory medicines licensed for cats, used under veterinary supervision with regular checks (especially of the kidneys).
• A monthly injection (frunevetmab), a newer antibody treatment specifically for arthritis pain in cats.
• Other medicines and supportive options (for example certain supplements or acupuncture), which your vet may recommend as part of a wider plan.

Never give your cat human painkillers. Paracetamol can be fatal to cats, and human anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen are dangerous too.

Easy changes at home

Small adjustments can make a huge difference to an arthritic cat's day:

• Steps or a ramp up to favourite places: the sofa, the bed, a sunny windowsill.
• A litter box with at least one low side, so your cat doesn't have to climb in. Keep one on every floor.
• Food and water on every floor, so nothing requires stairs.
• Warm, soft, easy-to-reach beds in quiet, draught-free spots. Many older cats love a cosy igloo bed.
• Gentle play, little and often, to keep joints moving and muscles strong without overdoing it.
• Help with grooming: gentle brushing of the back and hips, which are hard for them to reach (see our brushing guide).
• Nail checks: less active cats need their claws trimmed more often.
• A healthy weight: extra weight puts extra strain on painful joints. Ask your vet for a safe weight plan if needed.

Living well with arthritis

Arthritis can't usually be cured, but it can be managed. Many cats become noticeably brighter, more playful and more affectionate once their pain is under control. Owners often say their cat seems "years younger".

His Majesty now rules the wardrobe again. With a staircase. Installed by his staff.